Toyota Marketing Strategy Marketing Essay

M3.04 Achieving Objectives Through Time Management

Andrew Wilson. Level 3 Award in First Line Management. M3. 04. Accomplishing Objectives through Time Management. Set SMART Objectives. Results can be accomplished by setting destinations, either for yourself or your group. Goals additionally give structure in the working environment, if individuals comprehend what to focus on; it will be simpler for them to hit the objective. Targets set ought to be SMART, see underneath, S †Specific, M †Measurable, A †Achievable, R †Realistic/Relevant, T †Time bound, Objective1 †Relief Team Leader to close totally finished work arranges on the excess rundown. Quantifiable by the decrease in the measure of finished work arranges on the accumulation list. Effectively reachable, since time is running short to complete the assignment. Important on the grounds that all finished work orders shut, will be added to the Plant Asset Records, giving upkeep history to things of plant. Assignment to be done for the initial 2 hours of each working day. Target 2 †Housekeeping visits to be completed in Plant territories. Quantifiable by the decrease of scrap/squander in Plant regions and the fulfillment of the spreadsheet on the PC. Effectively attainable, since time is running short to do the assignment. Significant in light of the fact that regions of Plant are getting chaotic. Errand to be completed on the primary Thursday of consistently, to include the entire of the Maintenance Team. Target 3 †Plan a bundle of upkeep chip away at No4 Distiller. Quantifiable by the finishing of different support errands . Attainable given time and assets. Pertinent on the grounds that creation levels will increment because of the upkeep being done. Bundle of work to be finished by 5pm 17/03/2011. Target 4 †Arrange preparing for support colleagues on overhead crane activity. Quantifiable by the effective consummation of preparing. Feasible on the grounds that all colleagues can learn. Significant in light of the fact that the group will be progressively adaptable in the working environment. Preparing to be finished by 31/07/2011. Andrew Wilson March 2011. Plan the Achievement of SMART Objectives. Assignments can be separated into progressively reasonable littler errands, each with its own cutoff time. The culmination of each â€Å"sub-task† to its set cutoff time, will definitely prompt the accomplishment of the general target. Objective No3 on my rundown is an ideal case of arranging prerequisite. The primary goal is to do a bundle of support chip away at No4 Distiller, which, when finished, will expand creation rates, to be finished by 5pm on the seventeenth March 2011. The following is a work environment arranging sheet, plainly plotting all the sub-assignments required to be finished, the occasions they should be finished by, assets required, consequences of fruition of sub-undertakings and obliging elements to be thought of, before the fundamental goal is accomplished. Work environment Planning Sheet | |Objective/Task |Completion |Resources |Results on |What do I have to do |Constraining | |Time | |Achievement |first |factors | |Process to Isolate the |07:30 |Process Operators |Distiller made |Arrange disengagement |Process incapable to| |Distiller | |ready for |with Process Manager |isolate due to | |maintenance | |faulty gear | |activities | | |Insert confinement plate into |08:30 |4x Mechanical |Dis tiller made safe|Ensure platform is in|Scaffold Tag out | |Distiller Exit Gas principle. | |Technicians |for support |place and labeled and |of date | |work |all parts to hand. | |Removal of spool to Heat |09:00 |2x Mechanical |Heat Exchanger |Request separation |Process unfit to| |Exchanger for cleaning | |Technicians |available for |with Process |isolate due to | |cleaning | |faulty gear | |Replacement of harmed pipe |11:00 |4x Mechanical |Damaged pipe |Request confinement |Spares not | |to VLS | |Technicians |section supplanted |with Process and ensure|available | |all saves accessible | |Replacement of harmed pipe |14:00 |2x Mechanical |Damaged pipe |Request disconnection |Spares not |to VLS channel | |Technicians |section supplanted |with Process and ensure|available | |all saves accessible | |Replacement of spool to heat|15:00 |2x Mechanical |Heat Exchanger |Ensure cleaning is |Cleaning not | |exchanger | |Technicians |available for obligation |completed | |Removal of disengag ement plate |16:00 |4x Mechanical |Distiller available|Check all work is |Delay in work | |into Distiller Exit Gas | |Technicians |for handback to |completed and all |completion | |main. | |process |work grants marked | |off | |Process to De-Isolate the |17:00 |Process Operators |Distiller back on |Hand back Distiller |Any delay in | |Distiller | |work and creation |to Process |prior assignments | |increased | | Andrew Wilson March 2011. Screen the Objectives. The finishing of sub-assignments is observed for the duration of the day so as to assess the probability of accomplishing the principle objective. The least demanding method of doing this, is by outwardly checking the advancement of each sub-undertaking and conveying this to the important individuals. Each sub-task requires a Permit to Work to be given before work can initiate, these Permits must be closed down by the Technician to whom the Permit was given. Another strategy for observing advancement is to watch that the Permits that have been given, have been closed down, this will demonstrate the time that the errand was finished and whether the assignment was finished effectively. Normal update gatherings would be held for the duration of the day to keep pertinent individuals educated regarding progress and give knowledge into whether the primary target will be accomplished. Messages would likewise be conveyed as affirmation of progress. At the point when every single extraordinary Permit have been closed down as effectively finished, at that point the Distiller can be authoritatively given back to Process for de-disengagement and afterward welcomed on for creation. Andrew Wilson March 2011.

Edward Scissorhands Essay Essay

Burton’s enlightening film, Edward Scissorhands, indicated exceptional show using Edward and Kim who communicated incredible love for one another. However it turned into a catastrophe as the couple who were intended to be together were excessively unique in relation to one another. This article, will represent the amount Edward adored Kim so much that he was eager to do anything for her, and the amount Kim cherished Edward so much that she yielded her affection to release him. The manner in which Burton utilized these two characters to show the sensible perspective on what love is about and how love can be confused, will likewise be clarified. Burton’s thoughts regarding love using these unprecedented characters were an extraordinary portrayal of society which made this film an incredible and essential dramatization with the components of extraordinary love and extraordinary disaster. The principal thought that Burton communicated was the extraordinary love Edward had for Kim, however with the impact of others their affection turned out to be excessively troublesome. Edward fell so profoundly enamored with Kim, that he was eager to do ANYTHING for her. Edward helped Jim and Kim break into Jim’s home despite the fact that he realized it wasn't right. When Kim asked Edward for what good reason he enthusiastically helped them, Edward answered, â€Å"Because you asked me to. † Edward indicated the amount he cherished Kim by the manner in which he considered the outcomes in the event that he were to genuinely be with her. â€Å"Hold me,† Kim asked, however Edward realized that on the off chance that he did, there would be a likelihood that he would hurt her with his scissorhands, so he replied, â€Å"I can’t. † Edward’s love for Kim was likewise appeared through his activities of needing to secure Kim. Edward battled to shield Kim from Jim who continually hurt her truly as he booted her off him with his foot, yanked her away from Edward and had placed her life in peril by his crazy activities of needing to execute Edward. Edward’s just method of preventing Jim from harming Kim and himself was to execute him. Jim made it outlandish for Edward and Kim to be together a result of his need to control Kim. Edward Scissorhands investigates the possibility that a few people can't be together a direct result of their disparities, yet can likewise be brought about by the impact of others round them. The idea of individuals who love one another but then can't be together makes individuals unsatisfied as a result of the conviction that couples should live joyfully ever after, but Burton has made the inverse. Another thought introduced in this film is the measure of affection Kim had for Edward which was gigantic to such an extent that she let him go. In the mid-shot of Kim advising Edward to â€Å"run†, her outward appearances demonstrated exactly the amount she thought about him. Kim realized that the individuals of Suburbia would not disregard Edward and it would cause an excessive amount of contention on the off chance that he kept on remaining in Suburbia. The main way Edward would be protected is return back to his home where he had a place. Her adoration for him was additionally appeared in the scene when she told the individuals of Suburbia that Edward was dead. Her unadulterated white dress gave the impression of an honest young lady which made it simpler for the group to trust her. Burton showed how troublesome it could be to be infatuated with somebody and the penances that will be made for the better of everybody, regardless of whether it intends to surrender love for adoration. The account of ‘The Beauty and the Beast’ was spoken to in this film; anyway it was revamped with a curve, as the Beauty and the Beast didn't live joyfully ever after. This understanding and adjustment of the ‘Beauty and the Beast’ story didn't satisfy Hollywood’s hopes of a cheerfully ever in the wake of completion, seeing that Edward and Kim didn't wind up together. The film isn't a ‘Romeo and Juliet’ sentiment either as they didn't bite the dust together indicating the amount they love one another, yet released each other for the better of the other individual. Edward and Kim saw that they couldn't be together so settled on the best intend to keep them two alive yet additionally cheerful, realizing that they attempted at affection. The most convincing part of the film was the possibility of a beast becoming hopelessly enamored with a human where the crowd is set up for an energizing romantic tale. Notwithstanding, Burton changed the average Hollywood completion into a reality that would cause the crowd to feel disturbed. Burton developed the crowd for a far-fetched romantic tale, yet made the crowd pull for the couple, realizing that individuals ought to be together, couldn't be together. His arrangement to make the crowd pull for the couple to be together is the thing that caused the crowd to participate in the romantic tale and long for Kim and Edward to be a couple. However, actually the crowd realized that Edward and Kim would not turn out to be because of their disparities. As Edward said â€Å"Goodbye†, Kim kissed him and said â€Å"I love you† then fled the scene. Burton indicated the truth of affection and how a few connections are not intended to be expected to society’s contemplations and rules and on the grounds that a few connections simply don't work out. Hollywood would let Kim and Edward be a couple as they generally attempt to figure out how to make the characters live cheerfully ever after. Be that as it may, with Burton he indicated the truth of life and that they couldn't live cheerfully ever after. He indicated an outrageous case of what the general public would do if there was an individual like Edward on the planet today. He demonstrated that the probability of Edward and Kim being together is thin and life goes on. Love doesn't prevent individuals from living their own lives as long as they are cheerful. Edward and Kim kept on living their lives independently however are as yet content with their own lives. They have realized what it resembles to succumb to somebody they can't have and took the mindful method of releasing their adoration, as opposed to attempting to make it conceivable or biting the dust together like Romeo and Juliet. They turned to a result that will let them two live fulfilled lives without harming others however themselves. To sum up the numerous thoughts that Burton has created through Edward Scissorhands, his outrageous portrayal of society and its standards let the crowd ponder the significance of life, how individuals treat others and what incredible love could do to individuals. His message about adoration mirroring the truth of life and how connections don't generally work out reminds the crowd that affection isn't simple. The penances and the torment individuals experience while they are infatuated with an individual dislike the Hollywood motion pictures, which is the thing that made this film an extraordinary and vital dramatization.

E-commerce Data Privacy & Security Literature review

Online business Data Privacy and Security - Literature audit Example In 2001 most well known business site, gathering information from the clients, have unmistakably referenced security strategy proclamations on their sites (Schuele 2005). In addition, a few sites out of these most famous business destinations have not distributed a total security arrangement (Schuele 2005). 1.2 Emphasizing on Privacy One more examination shows that online organizations accentuate and center more around online security arrangement instead of some other viewpoint. Indeed, even online security is considered as the subsequent choice. Besides, the investigation likewise presumed that online clients are more stressed over their protection instead of online dangers, as they are viewed as in charge. What's more, the investigation additionally exhibited a correlation between the two decades for example 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 which featured the components that are referenced beforehand (Parayitam, Desai et al. 2008). 1.3 Focusing on Customer Demands However, study finished up one fascinating component for example the rankings and evaluations of strategies made for Internet keeps on concentrating on requests of the web clients. Also, customer security keeps on being on top in both the decades (Parayitam, Desai et al. 2008). The enhanced mindfulness by the benefactors for example lawmakers and promoters shows intrigue level is nearly high. 1.4 Sugar Coating Privacy Policy Clauses It is regular for a web client looking for a security arrangement will just ready to peruse a few pages referenced as far as focuses, praises and so on. So as to upgrade client involvement in protection arrangements, there must be an intuitive medium by means of which client can get mindfulness. Writing identified with genuine ramifications was likewise found, For example, associations build the structure of sentences such that suits their lawful rights. An investigation led by (Pollach 2007) shows that the structure of sentences in a security strategy identified with a run of th e mill internet shopping site are glossing over information taking care of practices. They are foregrounding hopeful aspects and simultaneously back-establishing protection attacks. 1.5 Approach From Corporate Organizations An examination led by (Markel 2005). He reasoned that corporate associations assemble individual data from their clients on four center components expressed beneath: To offer some incentive added administrations to unique clients. For example, history of clients reflects prominent of buying or selling items by means of the site. In addition, these sites additionally give structures, so as to enroll a client with the goal that the person can get to ‘only members’ bit of the site that may incorporate exceptional limits and offers. Associations additionally alter site substance and configuration as indicated by the kind of client, so as to adjust web understanding. The customization is done according to customer’s intrigue that is separated from the previous history of purchasing and selling items. In addition, so as to purchase any item from the site, corporate associations require delivery and charging data so as to offer the item to the web client. Corporate association likewise exchange client data to outsiders. This business movement is completed to reinforce business connections. The data must be utilized for internet promoting and notice purposes.

How to Write a Sample Essay

How to Write a Sample EssayA sample's evaluation essay can be a difficult task. You need to be very well versed in the way your school systems work and what they expect of you. It is also important that you have all the information necessary for your writer. Once you have completed a sample essays and have received it back, it is important that you put the information down on paper as accurately as possible so that it will reflect exactly what your essay needs to be like.Before you start writing, take a look at the sample essays to see what the overall theme is. What are the major topics? What are the main points? Knowing this will make it easier to write down a sample essay that has all the information that you need.Next, spend some time reviewing all of the material that you have written. As you read, you will notice that there are a few things that you may have missed. Then you can go back and look over the outline again to make sure that all of the main ideas are included.When yo u do this you will also be able to spot any mistakes that you may have made in the sample essays. Then when you have a good understanding of the entire composition, you can go ahead and start writing. The writing process itself is not that hard. In fact, you can even skip a few steps.Some people enjoy writing essays and others do not. What you need to do is to find out what works best for you. If you have never written before then you can try to write an essay by yourself.After you have completed the sample essays, have someone else proofread them to make sure that they are accurate. When you have someone else read the material, you will see if there are any inconsistencies. If you notice anything out of place, you should correct it immediately.When you are done with the essay, have someone edit the paper. This person can be you or another person that you trust. However, be sure that you proofread everything that you have done before you have it published. This is a great way to get feedback on your draft before you submit it to a journal or any other publication.By taking some time to look through some sample essays, you will be able to have something that you can use as your own. However, be sure that you put in the time and effort into writing a samples evaluation essay. This will help you learn how to write a quality essay and to learn how to structure one as well.

A Degree In Mechanical Engineering - Free Essay Example

Mechanical engineering is by far the broadest of the engineering disciplines. Which helps explain why it is the most enrolled discipline at Auburn University, with a total of 957 students currently in the college of mechanical engineering (Auburn.edu). So. with it being the most popular branch of engineering at Auburn, and the most broad, one might wonder what mechanical engineers do that is pulling all these future engineers to it. Mechanical engineers, shockingly, work and design to manufacture small components of mechanical machinery, and also that of large systems (What is Mechanical Engineering?). However, mechanical engineers are much more than a car mechanic, what some might think of when they hear mechanical engineering, rather they are much more than that; while mechanical engineers can work on cars and engineers, much like a car mechanic, the bigger role they play is taking an idea or product from the drawing board and bringing it to life for commercial production (What is Mechanical Engineering?).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Systems that mechanical engineers might touch are those that typically deal with: motion, structures, force dynamics, energy and thermal systems, and even material structures (Introduction to Mechanical Engineering at Auburn University); although, mechanical engineers are not limited to those work areas or fields of study. In general, those who obtain a degree in mechanical engineering, work to design machines that produce power. These machines vary, but are not limited to, electric generators, internal and external combustion enginesthis includes the work done by steam or gas-powered turbinesalong with machines that consume power, such as households appliances and elevators (Mechanical Engineers).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A degree in engineering is very lucrative if you are in it for the money, although that should not be the main reason one might seek a career in engineering. Mechanical engineers can expect to have a starting salary of around 40 thousand dollars, and in due time, they can look at making about 115 thousand dollars a year (Mechanical Engineer Salary). The average person graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering is looking at earning about 78 thousand dollars a year (Mechanical Engineer Salary). While this mechanical engineering is not the highest paid engineering discipline, petroleum engineers is the most lucrative discipline with a starting salary of 75 thousand dollars, they are the second largest branch of engineering that is currently employed in the united states (The Most In-Demand Engineering Jobs).   So, if one is looking for a job straight out of college, and using that as a determinant in which discipline they choose, mechanical engine ering can make that happen. With there are currently being around 264,000 mechanical engineers employed, as of 2014 (The Most In-Demand Engineering Jobs).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While pursuing a degree in mechanical engineering from Auburn University, there are a multitude of interest and areas of focus inside the major. Areas of focus and interest include, but are not limited, are design and manufacturing, measurements: fluid mechanics, stresses and strains, motion and deformation, controlsGAVLAB, and HVACheating, ventilation, and air conditioning (Intro to Mech). In order to pursue these areas of interest inside Auburns Mechanical Engineering major, one must make their way to Auburns Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, and more specifically the Shelby Center for Engineering Technology and Wiggins Hall (Auburn.edu). The Shelby Center and Wiggins hall is where the Mechanical Engineering program at Auburn is centered, and where most of your classes inside the major will be held, not including pre-mechanical. Undergraduate teaching labs and facilitates can be found at Auburns Advanced Engineering Research Lab (Auburn.edu). The stud ent to faculty ratio of Auburns Mechanical Engineering program is around 3 to 1, students to faculty (Auburn.edu). There is a total of 50 faculty members in the college, with 33 tenured staff, 31 full time teaching (Auburn.edu). With such a great ratio of students to faculty, once in the college of Mechanical Engineering, students can expect hands on instruction with plenty of opportunities to work with faculty one on one. This allows for faculty to really get to know the undergraduates and thus creating a more personable and encouraging work environment. Being able to work with faculty so closely while studying undergraduate, opens the door for multiple opportunities to conduct research with such faculty members. The research conducted inside the college of Mechanical Engineering is centered around four main technical topics: Thermal Sciences, Design and Manufacturing, System Dynamics and Controls, and Mechanics (Research and Outreach). Students often apply for positions to conduct research with faculty, but with the student to faculty ratio being what it is, faculty can often ask students to help them in their research, since they get to know the students so well in classes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The curriculum for any discipline of engineering at Auburn is quite tough and rigorous. Before entering the college of ones choose, they must first complete all the perquisite coursesfocused on math and science. In order to enter Auburns Mechanical Engineering school, one must pass multiple math classes- including all three calculuss, linear differential equations, and topics in linear algebra- and multiple science classesincluding Engineering Physics 1 and 2 and Fundamentals of Chemistry (Curriculum in Mechanical Engineering). Once one has completed all their prerequisite classes, they are then able to move into the college of Mechanical Engineering. Once in the college, they will take classes such as: Statics and Dynamics, Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines, Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, System Dynamics and Controls, and many more (Curriculum). Undergraduate students are also required to complete a senior design sequence in which four cross-discipli nary teams must work together to design and create vehicles that compete in endurance and speed-based races (Ongoing Student Projects). One senior design team of Auburns is the SOL solar car team, every year this team participates in cross-country races against students from other schools (Ongoing). The senior design sequence consists of student teams that work to develop industry-sponsored design solutions to problems engineers are facing in the real world today (Samuel Ginn Mechanical Engineering).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student engagement in the college of Mechanical Engineering is very high and comes with a multitude of options to choose from. With the mechanical engineering department focusing its research on Thermal Sciences, Design and Manufacturing, System Dynamics and Controls, and Mechanicsthere are plenty of opportunities for students to engage and help conduct research with its faculty (Research and Outreach). If a student is seeking to conduct research with a faculty member, one can often ask them if there is any research they are working on at the time, or they can go to Faculty Directory on Aubrn.edu for more information about current research performed by Mechanical Engineering faculty (Research and Outreach). There is also the possibility that faculty might ask students directly to help them with research, as mentioned before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Auburns Mechanical Engineering major also hosts a number of student teams that compete on the regional, national and international scale (Ongoing). One of these student teams is the SOL solar car team, as mentioned before, as well as two SAE Mini Baja all-terrain vehicle teams. The SAE Mini Baja teams work to design and build an off-road racing car each year, in an attempt to find the perfect balance of strength, speed and endurance (Welcome to Auburn Off Road). Every year the SAE Mini Baja team builds a car, capable of maneuvering over rough terrain and even water, and takes it to competition where their builds are tested for adaptability, skill, stamina, and the engineering ability of the team (Welcome to). These off road vehicles are designed by students, built by students -with help from corporate partners and private citizens- and raced at competitions by students (Welcome to). Auburns Mechanical Engineering students also have a Formula SAE team, whi ch is much like the SAE Mini Baja team, where students design and build cars similar to that of Formula 1 and IndyCars and race them at competitions nationwide (Auburn University Formula SAE).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mechanical Engineering Department at Auburn has many study areas and computer labs opened to students in the college. There are currently eight computer labs that can be used by students, staff and faculty from every engineering discipline (Computer Labs). These computer labs are open all hours of the day, every day of the week that classes are in session. In addition to the eight computer labs, there are 20 department labs that house workstations for students within that particular department (Computer Labs). Students in Auburns Mechanical Engineering major are advised by Dr. Sushil Bhavnanu (Academic Advising). Prior to entering the college of Mechanical Engineering, students will be advised by Belinda Marable who deals with pre-mechanical engineering students (Meet Our Staff).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Auburns Mechanical Engineering departments hosts a number of professional societies and clubs inside the major. The professional societies include: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE), and the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) (Introduction to).

The Death Of Louis Xvi And Marie Antoinette - 1374 Words

In June of 1791, the French revolution witnessed one of its most dramatic events. King Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, the Austrian born queen, escaped there parisian palace, the Tuileries. They fled Paris on the night of June 20th, dressed in rather inadequate disguises heading towards France’s eastern border. Prior to the escape, Louis had entailed a telling declaration in which he essentially renounced the constitutional monarchy, contradictory to previously expressing his support. However plan turned into a blunder. It was poorly compromised even before it began resulting in unavoidable like demise. The Kings flight came to a halt in Varennes where the royal family had their papers inspected after suspicion arose from some locals. Louis gave up the disguise to Jacques Destez, before the royal family was coercively returned to Paris. This dramatic occurrence resulted in a series of events that began to unfold and had a huge influence on the play out of the revolution. Timothy Tackett interprets these events in a gripping and dramatic novelistic style piece of literature, When The King Took Flight. The novel analyzes the events that occurred post Louis’s attempted escape out of France and dedicates each chapter to representing a different segment of the population. This amidst Tacketts extensive research makes for an exciting, and insightful read. The reader is provided with detailed views from the king and queen as they planned and carried out their flight, the people ofShow MoreRelatedMarie Antoinette : The Last Queen Of France1532 Words   |  7 PagesMarie Antoinette was the last queen of France who was stripped of her title, put in jail, and then executed by her own people. Archduchess Marie Antoinette was born on November 2nd, 1755 in Vienna, Austria. She was the daughter of Francis I who was the Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa who was the ruler of the Hapsburg Empire. 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She had Austria’s interests at heart by putting the country she ruled last and putting others first even if it coincided with the those of France, the country she supposedly ruled. She was born princess of Austria, Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna to her mother, Maria Theresa, empress of Austria, and father, Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, both head of the Hapsburg dynasty. InRead MoreEssay about Marie Antoinette1467 Words   |  6 Pagessome talent here and even played duets with the young Mozart in the Palace of Schà ¶nbrunn. In 1769 the much longed for news arrived from Versailles. After tedious and lengthy negotiations, King Louis XV had requested the hand of the Archduchess Maria Antonia for his grandson and heir, the Dauphin Louis-Auguste. The 14 year old girl, who had hardly been prepared for her new exalted rank, bade farewell to her mother and family in Vienna on 21st April, 1770, and with an impressive bridal train began

Creating a Trusting Context for the Timely Detection of Breast Pathology and Increase the Recovery Chances Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Breast screening can give indications to the issue at hand because it approaches these issues through the reportage of different involved entities. Comprehensive community health promotion models typically combine community organization and citizen participation principles with behavioral theories to address ways to generate change at the individual and policy levels . Different communication paradigms exist between the policy level and the individual level in making an effective community awareness program about breast cancer screening and how important early detection is in finding effective treatments for the condition. Breast assessment clinics offer many services, such as FNA, wire localization, cyst aspiration, and other services. There are also different sorts of a clinic, including Rapid Assessment Clinics. There are various services available therein such as Stereotactic core assessment, and care is easily personalized using multidisciplinary meetings. Breast assessment clinics tend to give basic services and also provide education. Breast cancer is a basic medical problem that is crying out for a cure or a way of easing symptoms, but the condition also needs someone to cry out about it on behalf of others in a way that is positive for survivors and high-risk groups. Therefore it is very important to address this problem at the level of assessment clinics and make sure that everyone knows what risk factors are and how to get a mammogram. In one study under review, the authors interviewed women who were 35 to 64 years old. A total of 4575 women with breast cancer and 4682 controls were interviewed. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios as estimates of the relative risk (incidence-density ratios) of breast cancer . The authors found that Among women from 35 to 64 years of age, current or former oral-contraceptive use was not associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer . I also personally believe that complementary and non-Western medicine is an area that should be looked into in terms of easing symptoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating a Trusting Context for the Timely Detection of Breast Pathology and Increase the Recovery Chances or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

Analysis Of The Short Story Saboteur By Ha Jin

The short story â€Å" Saboteur† by Ha Jin, is narrated in a limited third person point of view. The third person narration choice allows the reader to closely follow the character, Mr. Chiu who has been arrested for a crime he did not commit. As the short story goes on the narration allows the read to learn more of what Mr. Chiu is experiencing throughout his stay in jail and also important lessons he learns along the way. As the reader is first introduced to the main character Mr. Chiu he is quietly dining with his newlywed when suddenly a policeman throws a bowl of tea at their feet. The policeman denies that he has done anything wrong and the reader experiences Mr. Chiu’s first taste of being harassmed by the Government. The policemen call Mr. Chiu â€Å"†¦a saboteur, you know?† â€Å"You’re disrupting public order.†, although he has done nothing wrong. Here it is narrated just how wrongly the Government and police department are using their power, they are taking advantage of innocent people such as Mr. Chiu. The third person point of view allows the reader to see an outside perspective on how the Government is very powerful and how they are clearly taking advantage of Mr. Chiu. Once Mr. Chiu is taken to the jail he is taken to speak with the chief who does not believe him when Mr. Chiu tries to tell his side of the story â€Å"That statement is groundless.† â€Å"You have no witness. How could I believe you?†. The third person point of view shows that Mr. Chiu is gettingShow MoreRelatedSaboteur774 Words   |  4 PagesSABOTEUR The short story â€Å"Saboteur† which was written by Ha Jin is a very interesting and unique story. After performing a close analysis, one will find, through the description of the characters and the tone, that Ha Jin tells the story of anger and revenge. This type of behavior took place within the most unlikely characters. Mr. Chiu was what many would consider a very intelligent person. He taught as a professor at a university. Mr. Chiu claims to be a â€Å"scholar, a philosopher and anRead MoreSaboteur by Ha Jin996 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis on â€Å"Saboteur†by Ha Jin If you ever wanted to get revenge on people who have wronged you, then you may be able to relate to Mr. Chiu, the main character in the short story â€Å"Saboteur† by Ha Jin. Mr. Chiu’s revenge is ironic as the conflicts he finds himself in throughout the story. The setting is in Muji, China during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s. The leader of the communist party at the time is Chairman Mao and ruled based on a Marxist model by the story mentioningRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds

Economic Networkingâ€Exploring Alternatives for Promoting...

Economic Networking—Exploring Alternatives for Promoting Sustainable Development in Africa INTRODUCTION The history of European aid intervention in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states has traditionally acted to reinforce the hierarchical distinction between the â€Å"developed† and the â€Å"developing† world. The series of Lome Conventions which granted preferential trade agreements between these groups of countries have proved ineffective in encouraging economic sustainability in the ACP states, and although the ACP includes most of the Least Developed Countries (LLDCs) in the world, the agreements have been criticized as being unfair in the global context. Under pressure to negotiate a new ACP-EU agreement that would be†¦show more content†¦The end of World War II, the formation of the United Nations and increased sense of nationalism worldwide prompted the end of colonialism. During the surge of independence movements in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Kwame Nkrumah led 32 African nations to form the Organization of African Unity in May 1963 (â₠¬Å"Creation of the OAU). The OAU aimed to promote unity on the continent in order to support the political and economic autonomy of the newly independent African countries and ensure that Africa had a strong voice in the global arena. Around the same period, the formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the ACP introduced channels for international collaboration (See Figure 1). The first official move by the EEC to develop a consistent strategy for allocating aid to ex-colonies was enacted in the Yaonde Convention of 1963, which targeted African countries. The first Lome Convention of 1975 addressed the larger group of ACP states (See Figure 2). Although the notion of economic reparations was offered as partial motive for negotiating these agreements with the newly independent states, one of the main incentives for European countries was the establishment of a consistent source of raw materials and a stable market for the export of mining machinery andShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria18675 Words   |  75 PagesAgricultural Economics of Nigeria: Paradoxes and Crossroads of Multimodal Nature Professor Eric C. 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Implied Terms in English Contract Law

Question: Discuss about the Implied Terms in English Contract Law. Answer: Introduction: According to the Case Study, Jane made a promise to Jack regarding selling of her Lotus Super 7 Sports Car for $25000 to him. As a result, a promise had been made which is a form of communication in order to undertake an obligation. Jane requires money in order to go overseas and as a result she wants to sell her car to Jack. A promise which is made in order to undertake a legally binding obligation is known as a contract. The car was in good condition as was described by Jane. The English Contact Law comprises of four elements. They are offer, acceptance, consideration, and a contractual invitation (Fafinski Finch, 2010). There may also be a moral obligation to keep the promise and in order to enforce a promise in a contract there has to be some justification. There is a promise between Jane and Jack. Jack had accepted the offer of Jane. The cases are described according to the IRAC method. Issues In the first case, there was an offer made between Jane and Jack and it is not clear if the contract is written or oral or online. For a promise made in a contract, this is considered as one of the major issues. A contractual invitation offered by Jane to Jack had taken place and the market value of Lotus Super 7 Sports Car is $25000. But the rate at which Jane had offered to sell the car to Jack has not been mentioned here. Jack had accepted the offer without the knowledge of the price. But the condition of the contract offered by Jane to Jack is not clear as the price at which Jane had offered to sell the car to Jack has been unclear and this is the major issue as Jack has accepted the offer without the knowledge of the price. An invitation to treat also includes advertising the product but the major issue in this type of contract is that the amount at which Jane had offered to sell the car is not properly described here. Consideration has to be executed in order to make the promis e binding (Andrews, 2011). A performance of an act in return for an offer is known as consideration which is required in order to make the offer binding. The price of the offer is not mentioned here. The contract between Jane and Jack is in an unclear method. In the second case, Jane had offered to sell the Lotus Super 7 Sports car for $25000 which is the same price as the market price. Jane has offered to sell the car to Jack after using the product. As a result, the car should be sold at a second hand rate. This deal involves the obligation of the seller according to article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The rate at which second hand products are sold has to be less than the market value of the product according to the business law. Jane had sold her car to Jack at a rate unacceptable according to the business law. Contractual invitation has involved an inappropriate advertisement because although the Sports car was in good condition, Jane has used it. Jane did not follow the Uniform Commercial Code in this Case. As a result, issue has arisen in this case as Jane has breached the Uniform Commercial Code. In the third case, the sports car is sold at a much lesser price than the market value. Jane had offered to sell the car to Jack for $2500 which is at very less price considering that the Lotus Super 7 Sports Car was in a good condition. She had therefore suffered a loss as she had bought the car at $25000. Consideration has to be made by both the parties of the contract and only then the agreement could be enforced. Here Jack is benefited as he has to pay a much lesser price to Jane. One party had suffered a loss for the benefit received by the other party which is the main problem in this Case. Rules In the first case, consideration has to be provided by both the parties for exchanging values. All the elements have to be satisfied according to section 9 of the contract law. As in the Case Study, the Consideration has not taken place as Jane has not mentioned the price of the car and Jack accepted the offer without the knowledge of the price of the car. Breach of the sales of goods act also took place here according to the Section 7 of the Contract law. Jack has accepted the offer but he has the right to ask the price of the Lotus Super 7 Sports Car clearly to Jane according to consumer rights. In the second case, Jane has kept the value of the Sports car at the same price as the market value. There is therefore a breach of the article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code. The value of the Sports car should be lesser than the market value of the product because Jane is selling the Sports Car at a second hand rate(Austen-Baker, 2011). The offer made in order to undertake an obligation has taken place here but the sales of goods is not proper. In the third case, the rules pertaining to section 52 and section 54 of the property act has not been followed as Jane has suffered a loss in selling her Lotus Super 7 Sports Car. Jane has also breached section 12 and section15 of the Sales of goods act when he offered to sell her Sports Car at $2500 when the market value of the Sports Car is $25000. Jane does not know the evaluation of the market value and the method of Sales of goods Act to commit this mistake. Application 1. In the first case, Jane has to state the price of the Sports Car so that the agreement is applicable. Contractual invitation took place as Jack has accepted the offer made by Jane which made the contract enforceable. However, consideration has to be provided by each party to the contract which is not provided by Jane. The value as well as the way of agreement has not been properly described in this case. 2. In the second case, Jane needs to study the market value of her car and should sell her car at a lesser price to Jack than the market price (Schulze Zoll, 2015). Both the sales of goods act as well as the commercial codes rules have not been followed in this case. 3. Jane should follow the Property Act 1925 and the price of the second hand sports car should be fixed according to the act. The rate of the market should be properly studied by Jane and the price of the sports car should be increased so that the seller does not suffer a loss. The Property Act and the Sales of goods Act should be followed properly. Conclusion There is a breach of the English Contract Law in all the three cases. All the elements of the contract have taken place in these three cases. In order to solve the case, the rules of the contract law should be legally organised. All the rules are mentioned properly following which the agreement can be acceptable between both the parties and consideration can take place in the three cases. There are many rules of the contract law which has not been followed in these cases and this made the agreement unacceptable which could be solved by following the rules of the contract law properly. In the second Case Study, there has been a contract between a shipbuilder and the North Ocean Tankers. This contract is acceptable but the promisor delays to fulfil the demands of the promisee. As a result, there is an obligation in this contract. There is conflict because the currency of the United States has devalued by 10%. The shipbuilder runs a loss and decides to charge an extra of US $3 million for his work. After the delivery of nine months, the North Ocean Tankers delayed to pay the money to the shipbuilder (Friedman, 2011). The cases are described according to the IRAC method. Issues In this Case, the United States government devalued the US Currency by 10% as a result there was an issue as the shipbuilder ran a loss and demanded an extra $3 million for his work. Since the delivery was essential, the North Ocean Tankers agreed in paying the money but they could not keep their promise after a period of nine months. Because of the delay the shipbuilder can sue the North Ocean Tankers to court for a breach in the rules of the contract according to the Contract law. The economists also run a loss and are unable to pay their debts. Failing in performing any terms of the contract without a legal excuse is known as breaching a contract. This includes failing to pay on time, failing to deliver the goods. The non breaching party becomes relieved of any obligation under the contract made by the breach by the other party. There are issues which arise due to this breach of contract. Rules North Ocean Tankers is unable to pay the debt of the shipbuilder and therefore violated the rules of the promise, the shipbuilder can sue the North Ocean Rankers for breaching the Contract according to the Contract Law. Breach of negotiation takes place in this case and penalizing damages occurred in this case. The North Ocean Tankers delays in paying the money to the shipbuilder. Therefore the shipbuilder is the innocent party and is therefore relieved of the obligations under the contract caused by the breach by the other party. The court will put the other party in a position of occupying the contract if it is fulfilled. Negotiation had taken place between the North Ocean Tankers and the shipbuilder and both of them were in agreement but the North Ocean Tankers delayed to pay the money to the shipbuilder and therefore breached the rules of the contract. The shipbuilder can also sue the North Ocean Tankers or the defendant according to the English Law for breaching the federal rule s of the contract and the English court will consider the behaviour to be Unconscionability. The court will take certain steps in forcing the breaching party in fulfilling the terms of the contract (Chen-Wishart, 2012). The false statement of North Ocean Tankers will enhance the money of the shipbuilder in time as they have breached the rules of the contract made a false promise to the shipbuilder in order to get the delivery in time. But after nine months they delayed in paying the shipbuilder (Anson et al., 2010). The shipbuilder can ask for a recession from the North Ocean Tankers for a false statement as he was misguided according to the misinterpretation act 1967 (Hudson, 2008). Application Professional as well as legal help is required in this case. The solution for the breach of contract can be applied in this case. They are as follows: Restitution and Cancellation Damages Certain Performances Restitution who is the North Ocean Tankers could be sued in this case due to failure to perform the term of the contract. There has been dispute in this case as the promise is broken. So the North Ocean Tankers should take the help of the United States government to take loan from a national bank in paying the debt to the shipbuilder so that the shipbuilder is unable to sue the North Ocean Tankers and claim the damages done as a result of breaching the promise. North Ocean Tankers suffers a financial crisis due to the fact that the economists are running a loss and cannot pay the debts of the shipbuilder and the Bankruptcy act 1966 can be used in this case. According to the bankruptcy act, extra time in order to pay the debts to the shipbuilder can be proved. The English court will give six months in paying the debt of the shipbuilder according to the Bankruptcy act and the shipbuilder must wait six months for the money. Here, the shipbuilder is relieved from any obligation under the contract made by the breach of the North Ocean Tankers. A conflict occurs and if the court is not able to solve the case, then the justification takes a long time and the judgement answer takes time (Welch et al., 2015). A legally enforceable promise is called a contract. The court will put the other party in a position of occupying the contract which has to be fulfilled. The shipbuilder can file a case against the North Ocean Tankers according to the misinterp retation act 1967 (Cartwright, 2012). Conclusion The North Ocean Tankers has breached the contract by delaying to pay the money to the shipbuilder. Remedies for contractual breaches have not been designed in order to punish the breaching party but putting the other party in a position for occupying the contract which had been fulfilled. The case could be solved through the different remedies and reviews. Bankruptcy act could be applied in this case and there are various remedies to the breach of contract which could be applied in this case. References Andrews, N. (2011). Contract law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anson, W. R., Beatson, J., Burrows, A. S., Cartwright, J. (2010). Anson's law of contract. Oxford University Press. Austen-Baker, R. (2011). Implied terms in English contract law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Cartwright, J. (2012). Misrepresentation, mistake and non-disclosure. Sweet Maxwell. Chen-Wishart, M. (2012). Contract law. Oxford University Press. Fafinski, S. Finch, E. (2010). Contract law. Harlow: Longman. Friedman, L. M. (2011). Contract law in America: a social and economic case study. Quid Pro Books. Hudson, A. (2008). Securities law (p. 584). London: Sweet Maxwell. Koffman, L., Macdonald, E. (2010). The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Schulze, R., Zoll, F. (2015). European Contract Law. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Strine, L. E., Hamermesh, L. A., Balotti, R. F., Gorris, J. M. (2010). Loyalty's Core Demand: The Defining Role of Good Faith in Corporation Law. Georgetown Law Journal, 93, 629. Welch, E. P., Saunders, R. S., Land, A. L., Voss, J. C., Turezyn, A. J. (2015). Folk on the Delaware General Corporation Law: Fundamentals. Wolters Kluwer Law Business.

Natural Disaster and the Retail Business Owner free essay sample

Disaster and the Retail Business Owner Natural Disaster and the Business Owner People make difficult decisions in business everyday. People that make these decisions have to stand by them. The situation in this assignment, speaking of hurricane Katrina, I have mixed feelings on the business owner Brian decision. From a person on the outside looking in perspective, I felt he was wrong for raising the prices of the hotel rooms. But in reality, I had to put myself in the shoes of the business owner. In this situation I believe Brian should not give Lilly’s job back. It was Lilly’s decision to quit her job because she felt that Brian choice to raise the prices was wrong. Due to Brian being the owner of the motel it was his prerogative to raise the rates. Lilly told Brian if he was going to raise the rates then she would quit. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Disaster and the Retail Business Owner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think Brian’s response by telling her by telling her to do what you have to do was more than fair. I felt Lily disrespected Brian telling him she quit and hanging up on him. That helps support my decision to not give her job back. Also, what happens when Brian makes a decision she doesn’t like? What says she won’t react and quit again? If I understand these terms correctly, I fell Lily falls under Deontology. She spoke her mind because it her decisions to do so and it was her right to do so and it was not for the greater good. I believe Brian falls in the category of Deontological Ethics as well. It was his right to raise the rates of his motel rooms. It was also his right to le Lilly go if she didn’t agree with his decision. Hurricane Katrina was a perfect opportunity to make money of a natural disaster. Many businesses took the opportunity to raise prices to profit of natural disasters. The decisions to profit off natural disaster are not happiness based. These higher prices will affect the hurricane victims. If Brian’s decision was to lower rates to accommodate hurricane victims, he would be bombarded with customers and most likely lose money. This would cause unhappiness to the business owner and happiness to the customer. I believe Lilly did not support her decision because if she did she would have not reapplied for the job. Brian did raise the rates regardless of Lily’s argument and threat to quit. So why did she quit if she was going to try to get her job back. References https://cdad. trident. edu/CourseHomeModule. aspx? course=17amp;term=110amp;module=1amp;page=bkg

The Lord Is My Sheild Essay Example For Students

The Lord Is My Sheild Essay The Lord is my ShieldThis is a psalm of David, when he fled from Absalom his son. It is obvious, on the face of it, that the work is a collection. A number of separate poems, the production of different persons, and belonging to perhaps by several distinct editors and have been united into a volume, which has been accepted by the Jewish and later by the Christian church as one of the books of the holy scripture . The poems seem originally to have been, for the most part quite separate and distinct; each is a whole in itself; and most of them appear to have been composed for a special object, and on a special occasion. The Psalter, as the Book of Psalms is often called, is actually a collection of different kinds of poetry spanning many centuries of history (from c. 1100 BC to 400 BC ) and reaching essentially its present form around 300 BC . Occasionally, but very seldom, one psalm seems linked to many other psalms. The purpose of the psalms was well expressed by David when he instit uted hymns in Israel. He appointed the Levites to record and to thank and praise the Lord God of Israel(1 Corinthians 16:4). The book of Psalms is a record of petitions, thanksgiving, and praise to God by His people. As such it has brought comfort, encouragement, and blessing to Gods people throughout the ages. Every human emotion is covered in these hymns of aspirations to God. The historical background to the psalm is described in 2 Samuel 15-17. Though David petitioned in verse 7, Arise, O Lord; save me, it is clear from 2 Samuel 15:32-37 that David shrewdly sent his friend Hushai back to Jerusalem to deceive Absalom. David used other means but trusted only in God. We can describe it first as based in history, second in an allegorical sense, and lastly in a moral sense . The historical sense is clear from its title which is when he was fleeing from the face of his son Absalon, as is treated of at 2 Kings 15 Davids son, Absalon, persecuting his father, desired to kill him. David yielded to him, leaving Jerusalem on foot with his household. There are two words that tend to draw the readers attention in this passage of scripture. Those two words are shield and enemy. The Hebrew transliteration of the word shield is Ganan . Which means to defend, to cover, and surround. Theres a significance to the word shield in this passage of scripture. David said in verse 3 of Psalm 3 that the Lord was his shield. Then In verse 6 of Psalm 3, David said he would not be afraid of ten thousands of people, that have set themselves against me round about (KJV). He knew that the Lord was his shield no matter how many of his enemies were around him. Apparently in this psalm David had a numerous amount of enemies, including his own son Absalom. The Hebrew transliteration of the word enemy is Ayab . The definition of the word enemy is to be hostile to, to be an enemy to. If it had not been for Davids enemies he wouldnt have been was he was. The Original readers of were the Israelit es. The psalms were used by the Israelites in the context of worship to provide a structure in which they could bring their praises, thanks, hurts and grief honestly and openly before God . For the historical occasion mentioned, compare 2 Samuel 15:1-17:29 to Psalm 3:1-8. David, in the midst of great distress, with confidence, implores Gods aid, and, anticipating relief, offers praise. Thats the main point of Psalm 3, offering praise to God. It teaches an active believer, the more he is beaten off from God, either by the rebukes of providence or the reproaches of enemies, the faster hold he will take and the closer will he cleave to him. A child of God startles at the very thought of not having help from God. Believers want to see what God is to his people, what he will be, and what they have found in him. David found in him safety; a shield for me, which denotes the advantage of that protection. He also found honor; those whom God owns for himself. One of the last things David foun d was joy and deliverance. If in the worst of times, Gods people can lift up their heads with joy and say we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose (Romans 8:28). Today care and grief do Christians well, when they engage believers to pray to God as in the way God expect Christians to. David had always found God ready to answer his prayers. Nothing can fix a gulf between the communications of Gods grace towards believers and the working of his grace in us. David had always been very safe under the Divine protection. This is applicable to the common mercies of every night, for which we ought to give thanks every morning. Many lie down and cannot sleep because of pains in the body, anguish of mind, or the continual alarms of fear in the night. But it seems here rather to be meant of the calmness of Davids spirit in the midst of his dangers. The Lord, by his grace and the consolations of his Spiri t, made him easy. It is a great mercy when we are in trouble to have our minds stayed upon God. Behold the Son of David composing himself to his rest upon the cross, that bed of sorrows; commending his Spirit into the Fathers hands in full confidence of a joyful resurrection . Behold this, O Christian: let faith teach thee how to sleep, and how to die; while it assures thee that as sleep is a short death, so death is only a longer sleep; the same God watches over thee, in thy bed and in thy grave. Davids faith became triumphant. He began the psalm with complaints of the strength and malice of his enemies; but concludes with rejoicing in the power and grace of his God and now sees more with him than against him. I can very easily apply this Psalm to my life. Sometimes I feel exactly like David felt. It makes me fell a lot better knowing that in the end, I will win. I like that passage of scripture that talks about running the race with patience and keep focused on Jesus no matter wha t the enemy does. He might throw stumbling block in my way. But, one way or another God provides away around them. Work citedThe Holy Bible .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 , .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .postImageUrl , .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 , .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:hover , .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:visited , .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:active { border:0!important; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:active , .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358 .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c1ae5427700634018e54d46cccbb358:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alfred Binet Essay We will write a custom essay on The Lord Is My Sheild specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Informative Essay Sample That Explain the Process to Choose Three Articles

Informative Essay Sample That Explain the Process to Choose Three ArticlesAn informative essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles is a lot more impressive than one that explains the process to choose one article. The fact is, you can make a very good and believable essay sample if you practice it over again, but in the end, you need to be able to demonstrate why your essay samples are better than all others. The same holds true for your informational essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles.One way to impress your reader with your essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles is to have them see it as a whole. Have them think about the whole essay, not just the two paragraphs that they will read about. Give them enough information to get them to think about the whole piece, but don't go on about it.Another way to impress your reader with your informative essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles is to m ake it seem like it is almost as if you are the one making the decisions for your students. Not only will you be doing this, but you'll also be giving them confidence to feel that they know you, and that is an important thing when it comes to giving confidence to your readers.It is also important that your particular essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles to be easy to understand. This is especially true of the ones that explain the process to choose one article. You should avoid making it too difficult for your readers, especially if they are struggling with English and grammar.Also, keep in mind that there are many different types of essay samples and so, you want to know what is important to your audience. If your audience is middle aged and up, then you can do a lot better than if your audience is younger people who are having trouble writing essays.It is also important that you get your informational essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles that are interesting, or at least not boring. Once again, the process to choose one article is the same whether the essay is shorter or longer.You also want to know what kind of research is needed to complete your informational essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles. If you don't have any research papers to back up your essay sample that explain the process to choose three articles, then you can still show them research, but you shouldn't do the research themselves.It is also important that you be able to compose the essay yourself, without the help of a ghostwriter. If you are confident that you can write a quality essay, and you have no need to use a ghostwriter for the essay, then you can use an essay that explains the process to choose three articles by yourself.

A Vicious Act of Intolerance against Humanity essays

A Vicious Act of Intolerance against Humanity essays A Vicious Act of Intolerance and Terror On Tuesday, the 11th of September a horrible and hardly explainable act of terror took place in the United States. Casualties are hard to count but approximate numbers show that more human lives have been lost only in World War II. It is unacceptable action by inhumane people or person who completely disrespect and avoid simplest signs of humanity. This act was a shock to every normal person all around the world. Many people till this moment have not accepted the fact that the center of financial actions has been destroyed and an attack on the world's largest military headquarters has been made. I was having lunch at a restaurant with my girlfriend when my friend called me from the US, he said "I am in a bus to work and I see two big torches in Manhattan." At first I thought he is just kidding but he was convincing me that both towers of WTC are in flames. We talked a little longer and on the phone I heard police and ambulance sirens that overtook our dialog every ten seconds I understood that something really has happened. After the phonetalk I asked the bartender to turn on news. I was amazed by what I saw - the Twin Towers were actually in flames and after some time both towers collapsed one after another. A lot of people ask themselves how could something like this happen at the beginning of twenty- first century when security systems are supposed to be safer than ever before. After latest actions how can a person be sure that one nice day a Boeing 767 will not come flying through his office window? This act of terror appears to be probably the most well planned and executed in the history. I believe that the person and organization that stands behind these terrifying acts shall be caught and punished. I completely support and advise America's revenge to Osama bin Laden who actually promised to attack US and now it would not be reasonable to suspect anyone else. ...

What Mean Means

What Mean Means What Mean Means What Mean Means By Mark Nichol The verb mean, in the senses of â€Å"destine† â€Å"direct,† â€Å"intend,† and â€Å"signify,† is from the Old English phrase mae nan. To say that someone â€Å"means business† signifies that he or she is earnestly serious about something; to say that someone â€Å"means well† means that the person has good intentions. (One is said to be well-meaning when his or her intentions are good; the person’s actions are said to be well-meant.) Mean has multiple adjectival meanings. Used to convey the ideas of â€Å"base† or â€Å"contemptible,† â€Å"petty† or â€Å"stingy,† or â€Å"malicious† or â€Å"troublesome,† it is from the Old English phrase gemae ne, meaning â€Å"common.† It also has the less negative senses of â€Å"ashamed,† â€Å"dull,† and â€Å"humble† and actually has a positive connotation as a slang synonym for â€Å"effective† or â€Å"excellent† in references to having admirable skills, as in â€Å"He plays a mean saxophone.† (This may derive from a confusion with the idiom â€Å"no mean† followed by a noun or noun phrase, as in â€Å"He’s no mean poker player,† where â€Å"no mean† means â€Å"not average† or â€Å"not inferior.) The expression â€Å"lean and mean† likely derives from the notion of aggressive competitiveness. The adverb meanly means â€Å"in a humble, inferior, or ungenerous manner.† The sense of mean as a synonym for â€Å"average,† â€Å"intermediate,† or â€Å"midway† is ultimately from the Latin term medianus (by way of Anglo-French and Middle English), which is also the source of median. (Mesne, borrowed with an alteration in spelling from Anglo-French, means â€Å"intermediate† or â€Å"intervening† but is used only in legal contexts.) As a noun, mean can refer to something intermediate (as in the mathematical sense), something helpful (as in the phrase â€Å"means to an end†), or resources (as in the sense of having the means to accomplish something). Related idioms include â€Å"by all means† (â€Å"certainly†), â€Å"by means of† (â€Å"through the use of†), and â€Å"by no means† (â€Å"not at all†). The synonymic compounds meantime and meanwhile both derive from the â€Å"intermediate† sense of mean, while mean-spirited alludes to the sense of â€Å"petty.† (The slang term meanie, also spelled meany, refers to a person who is cruel; this usage is considered dated, however, and is now used only in a jocular sense.) To demean, meanwhile, is to debase or put down, while meanness can refer to poverty, stinginess, or weakness. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further"Replacement for" and "replacement of"Forming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

School Profiler Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School Profiler - Assignment Example On the other hand, the school performed poorly in the category of English learners with only 15% of students passing CAHSEE in 2011 while 13% passing the exam in 2012 (School profiler, 2013). In 2014 the subgroups that required focus in their Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) was the socioeconomically disadvantaged. They failed to meet their target of the proficient requirements in Language arts. The group also failed to meet their target in three consecutive years- 2011, 2012, and 1013 hence attracted attention. The group also failed to meet its targets in Mathematics in 2011 and 2013 and this was enough reason why the group required attention. Furthermore, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups still failed to meet their target in 2013 in their Academic Performance Index (API). The other sub groups met most of their targets in the three consecutive years. The school did well in Language arts specifically in the areas of RFEP. For instance, the number of students that passed was 90% in 2013, 87% in 2012 and 89% in 2011 (School profiler, 2013). Some grades performed better than others especially in the California English Language Development Test (CELDT). For instance, in advanced level, grade 9 and 11 performed better than grade 10 and 12. In early intermediate level, grade 12 did better in 2012 than other grades by scoring 23%. Performance in CST and CAHSEE exams varied among the grades in school. Between the two exams, it was evident that most students performed better in CST than in CASHEE. For instance, in the Language arts exams of 2013, only 21% of the grade 12 students passed the CAHSEE exam (School profiler, 2013). RFEP program was best-performed category while English learners recorded the least progress in Language arts. The school performed well in Mathematics led by the RFEP students. There are also variations in performance of Mathematics among the grades. For instance, in Algebra I, in 2012 grade 11 recorded the highest performance of 5%. Performanc e in both CST and CAHSEE exams tended to record variations. There were fluctuations in the results over the years and among the various groups of students. Out of the various groups and programs offered, the program that experienced progress was RFEP which recorded high level of students that scored highly. The least program in making progress was the special education students program, which saw only 26% of the students pass the exam. Sciences and social sciences were also part of the subjects done by students and whose result was provided. Sciences are many and included Biology, Chemistry, Earth science and Physics. The school did well in science and social sciences. Performance varied across the grades in different exams. For instance, in 2011, performance in Biology varied between the grades. Grade 9 students scored 76%, grade 10 scored 34% and grade 11 scored 37%. Such scores were replicated in other sciences and social sciences over the years (School profiler, 2013). There was fluctuation in performance in some of the science subjects. The science subject that recorded the most progress was Physics at an average score of 62% while the subject making the least progress was chemistry. Most of the students across the grades record low performance in Chemistry. The school did w

Microsoft's Diversification Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Microsoft's Diversification Strategy - Essay Example It has looked to provide the best quality service to the customers at cheaper rates and also the service been provided is in the best condition. In 1980, IBM selected the company to build the operating system for its computers and in 1986 the company went public and in the same year, the company became the first billionaire company in the country. Â  In this report, the various strategies used by Microsoft to tackle the growing competition in the global market can be seen using various marketing theories. The way in which the company has looked to diversify from its core business to get a competitive advantage and also to explore new markets can also be seen by studying various articles and books to understand the importance of diversification for the current competitive global market. Â  As per this, the diversification strategy is the type of strategy used by the companies to have a growth in their business process. The companies look to launch new products while entering the new markets to capture the maximum market share and also for increasing their sales volume and also the profit margin by huge percentage compared to earlier times. Â  In 2001, the company entered in the market of video games and launched its video game Xbox console in the market. But by then the company found it lacking way behind as other companies like Nintendo, Sony has already entered this market and also had a good market share in the global competitive market zone (OaShaughnessy, 1995, pp. 56-63). The company is now present in mostly all the countries across the globe and has looked to provide the best facility service to the customers by developing most reliable and also high-quality software and operating system for the computers both for personal and official use. Microsoft had strong competition from the latest innovative video games that were launched by other companies and mainly by Sony and Nintendo.

Physics of Ski Waxing :: physics sport sports ski skiing wax

Skiing is one of the things to do during the winter, here in Canada. It is also cheap and easy to start, since there are ski-tracks almost everywhere and it is possible to find used skis for less then $50. Skis are pretty simple in design. Originally they were designed just as the snow shoes, though today they are much more advanced. (Wikipedia) Skis can be used just after you bought them, without doing anything to them. However, if you want your skis to perform to their best, simple maintenance needs to be performed. One of the best and easiest way to do so is to apply wax. One can be confused at first by the variety of waxes available on the market. To see that, just check ski section in local Beaver Sports store. In reality, just one or couple waxes needed to get started. I'm going to explain how to wax your skis for the diagonal stride technique and what exactly waxing does to the skis. Ski structure Cross country skis are bent vertically. That allows for using different kind of wax depending whether person is sliding or kicking. When buying skis, you should choose ones that are made for your mass. If they are for bigger person, skis will be less bendable, thus area of contact will be only on the ends. If they are for smaller person, skis will be unbent most of the time. That is not very good, because it would slow the person down. Ideally we want all the area of the ski to be in contact with the snow when pressure is applied and middle section off the snow when sliding. Friction is force dependant, meaning it changes depending on force applied. Ff = F * ÃŽ ¼ Glide wax is applied to the front and the end of the skies, this way when person removes force from one leg, friction becomes less and ski slides. The ski is unbent when force is applied to it. Friction between snow and wax in the midsection increases so that it grips enough for a kick. Coefficient of static friction of the kick wax is only big enough for "the snow irregularities dig into wax irregularities just enough to give a motionless ski bite, or grip." (Brady) At the moment when ski gains velocity, it is not at rest anymore, and since ÃŽ ¼k is less then ÃŽ ¼s, friction is not big enough to hold the ski.

The real ‘cost’ of tourism is its impact on tourist recipient sites and regions

The real ‘cost' of tourism is its impact on tourist recipient sites and regions. Using quantitative data, measure the costs and benefits of tourism on a site or destination of your choice, evaluating that cost in economic, social and environmental terms. Give examples and describe from your own knowledge tourist sites that have paid a price in social and cultural disruption, or in environmental pollution. In the light of your findings, address the question of whether tourism is an appropriate tool for national development. Tourism has become one of the key industries in affecting the state of the world economy, and is being adopted by many struggling countries as a tool for national development. By studying the costs and benefits of tourism on concerned countries, it is feasible to analyse its success as a strategy of development. As tourism is a relatively new industry and is growing so fast, the literature on the subject is continually expanding as more studies are carried out. The aim for this piece of work therefore, is to investigate the real ‘cost' of tourism on Jamaica. Studies into the subject and the country will be examined, extracting the costs and the benefits in economic, social and environmental terms. The data will then be analysed in a suitable way and compared to alternative methods so as to determine if tourism is an appropriate agent for national development in Jamaica. It is very important to establish a few definitions before continuing with the essay, so that the eventual aim can be measured. Firstly, what we understand by the word tourism. Basically, it means a temporary and voluntary movement of people to a destination of their choice for the fundamental purpose of pleasure. The duration can range from a few days to a whole year. Facts in 2000 showed that there were 700 million travellers per year, 62% of which was solely for leisure. Its importance for national economies is illustrated by the fact that for 83% of countries tourism is one of the five top export categories and the main one for 38% of them. 11 Finally, a more in depth consideration is necessary to determine the, â€Å"most slippery concept of all,† (Lea, 1988) that is the notion of development. The focus of this work is, ‘whether tourism is an appropriate tool for national development', thus it is essential to define development in order to establish whether the country is successful in achieving this developed state that it is striving for. Since the term ‘development' contains within it factors to a social, political and economic extent, it is impossible for one word to define absolutely the developmental condition of a country. The conceptual meaning of development has been re-defined for over a century and there is still no clear definition to it. It has progressed from being more environmental determined in the nineteenth century, to the theories of modernisation which were considered more important in the mid-twentieth century. The idea behind this was that the basis of development was to catch up with and copy the Western world. Karl Marx was a German philosopher and some of his theories have shaped the idea of development. He felt there was a strain in all societies because the social organization never kept pace with the development of the means of production. The thought was that as result of the capitalist system, there was a concentration and centralisation of capital and therefore an uneven development in the world. These ideas shaped the views on development during the 1960's. However, Andre Gunder Frank expanded this in his ‘Theory of Third World Dependency'. He felt that under-developed countries would only progress if they â€Å"disconnected from the global economy and pursued their own national strategies of import-substitution†. Advancement continued in the 1970's, with the previous theories being, â€Å"refined, revised and in many cases rejected,† (Corbridge, 1991). The World Development Report (1991) defines development as, â€Å"†¦a sustainable increase in living standards that encompass material consumption, education, health and environmental protection.† (p. 31). As you can see, it is currently being considered in a much broader sense. Other aspects also tend to be included, such as, â€Å"†¦more equality of opportunity, political freedom and civil liberties. The overall goal of development is therefore to increase the economic, political and civil rights of all people across gender, ethnic groups, religions, races, regions and countries.† (World Development Report, 1991, p.31) In short, the more recent definitions have less of a focus and encompass a wider range of social and environmental criteria, as well as economic. As a result, in order to determine whether Jamaica is progressing we will assume they strive to develop economically, socially and environmentally. So an ideal next step is to look at the impacts of tourism in those three terms. However, before that is done it is essential to create a better understanding of Jamaica itself as a country and as a tourist destination. Jamaica is an island, located in the northern Caribbean, approximately 145km south of Cuba and 160km west of Haiti, with a population of about 2.7 million people with Kingston as the capital and largest city. Most visitors head for the north coast, where the best beaches and hotels can be found. This is where the busy, lively resorts are, and the cruise ports of Montego Bay and Ocho Rios. There is also the tranquil, and much less touristy, Port Antonio, set amid some of the island's loveliest scenery and beaches. However, to find the most stunning beach you must head west to Negrill for one of the most relaxed resorts. The south on the other hand has a very different atmosphere and is scarcely touched by tourism as yet. The east is where the capital Kingston is found, a sprawling, noisy and dusty city with an impressive harbour set against a backdrop of mountains. The Jamaicans themselves, on the whole, are very proud of their island and so often help to make tourists enjoy it too. Are they right to be proud? We now look at how the Jamaican environment is affected by tourism both positively and negatively. â€Å"Balancing Jamaica's ecology and tourism is a precarious dance to an insistent reggae beat. Tourism generates even more foreign exchange for the country than the bauxite industry, creating jobs and a chance for a brighter future. But with tourism comes development, bringing pressures to local people and their environment.† (Wilson 1999)2 A great quote for illustrating the two sides that comes with tourism. The pressure on the environment and people can become a very large problem. Reports have indicated that the natural resource bases that support the island's tourism trade is heavily stressed around the three main tourist centers. The reports identify the following principal sources of environmental degradation: (a) inadequate sewage treatment and disposal facilities is causing deteriorating water quality and reef damage; (b) storm water discharge is transporting silt and pollutant into coastal waters; (c) shore line construction, dredging and reef damage have caused beach erosion; (d) deforestation due to inland agriculture and timber cutting is aggravating flood damage and siltation; and (e) coastal development is contributing to the destruction of the wetlands, important as fish nurseries and wildlife habitat and as buffers against water pollution and coastal erosion. This clearly demonstrates the widespread impacts of tourism. â€Å"The increasing number of tourists, with extremely high consumption habits, places a disproportionate strain on the local infrastructure.† This explains why country's struggle with the increased demand which can often be seasonal and so suddenly hit them during the holiday periods. Studies indicate that the average tourist ingests ten times as much water and produces three times as much solid waste as the average resident.3 Yet another large factor in the gradual deterioration of the environment. Although tourism does create jobs and opportunities for locals, which we will look at in more detail later, there is not enough housing for them all. This leads to squatter settlements lacking in basic infrastructure and frequently situated in environmentally vulnerable locations, which again strongly reflects a negative side of the ecology. Continuing with the same theme, the steady increase in hotel construction has led to the destruction of the Dune barrier along the sea shore. Several years ago Jamaica's beaches were lined by dunes of sand covered with vegetation. With this barrier no longer there, due to the increased stress of tourism, erosion of beaches has been vastly accelerated. Environmental statistics provided by the â€Å"Statistical Institute of Jamaica† can provide us with a clearer understanding of the environmental impacts of tourism. Figures on land use in 1989 and 1998 can be misleading and also suggest that less land is being used more recently. This depends on how you look at the results and there can be a number of reasons to explain this. Data on the use of built up land indicates that 8kmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ more land was used in 1989. If tourism is having a large impact on the environment you would expect more to being used in 1998. However, this difference may be due to a lot of previously useful land being turned into wasteland as a result of tourists, and so it can't even be built on. In support of this, the figures for land use for buildings are larger in 1998 but by just 4km. The stats on petroleum consumption do indicate that there is an increase in tourism and therefore consumption of materials. It shows that from 1991 to 1999 the average annual growth is 3.3%. With more and more petrol being used it is safe to assume that it is having a negative impact on the environment. The imports of ozone depleting substances from 1995-1999, are also very interesting and show a very significant increase: (Source: Statin, External Trade; NRCA) Although the facts are not necessarily contributed to tourism, it is fair to say that it has a large say in this dramatic increase. Especially with CFC's as these are found in aerosol cans etc. and the increase in tourists could be a large factor due to their consumption of such products. Also, Methyl Bromide is used to control crops so the lack of increase here could be because more plants are being destroyed. Another side to the ecology not yet looked at is the potential decline in biodiversity. This involves the plants and animals that inhabit Jamaica. A 20-year study by scientists showed that habitat destruction and introduction on non-native species have caused approximately 12.5 percent of the world's plants to now be so rare, they could easily disappear.4 Jamaica is faced with threats to its flora as well as fauna, where the percentage of threatened plants reaches 20 to 40. In order to be considered as â€Å"threatened†, a species must have reached the point at which there were fewer than 10,000 individuals worldwide, or fewer than 100 locations where it could be found. Jamaica is also attributed with highest local deforestation speed, a fact that would contradict the statistics seen earlier.5 However, as previously mentioned those stats are ambiguous as they say â€Å"forest use† but not what it's used for. It could be used as a forest or, in a completely opposite way, to build on. So is the environmental impact of tourism on Jamaica all bad? Not really. The extra finance brought in by tourists, which will be seen in more detail in the economical part later, can be used to help preserve and restore local attractions. Tourism also has the potential to increase public appreciation of the environment and to spread awareness of environmental problems when it brings people in to closer contact with nature and the environment. Also if a country, like Jamaica finds that a certain site is found particularly attractive by tourists then it will be in there interest to ensure it's beauty is preserved in order to maximise profit from it. Although the above named advantages are possible for Jamaica, unfortunately it is not always looked on by the government in this way. There were very few examples found where Jamaica was looking to significantly improve their environment as a result of tourism. Despite the fact that the surroundings are clearly being destroyed the emphasis, as I think will come out even more lately, is that Jamaica are willing to sacrifice the environment in an attempt to maximise their income. But is this an appropriate strategy? Do the advantages significantly outweigh the disadvantages? In an attempt to answer those questions it is essential to look at what tourism brings to the economy. The Jamaican GDP was measured at about J$5,034 million during 2002, and stats on visitor stays indicate a total expenditure of J$1,000 million through tourism. This suggests that the tourism industry accounted for about 20% of Jamaica's GDP in 2002. This is a substantial increase from 10 years previous when tourism accounted for just 13.3%,6 but it is still recovering after the impact of the September 11th, 2001 happenings in USA. Before the events in USA, tourism was highly influential in the success of the Jamaican economy but it suffered a decrease as people became more concerned about travelling. It is only now that the industry is starting to re-develop, and it is again becoming one of the most influential industries amongst insurance services and the manufacturing business. Tourism is clearly a huge industry with immense potential for any country to use as a tool for national development, particularly economic development. Unfortunately, the richer countries seem more able to benefit than the poorer ones, which can lead to a larger gap building between them. Although the following figures are slightly dated they help indicate the state of the Jamaican economy and we can infer its current state from these after knowing it has since grown after the large blip due to September 11th. Jamaica ranks twelfth in the Americas region in tourist arrivals and ninth in terms of tourism receipts. With 18,500 rooms at the end of 1992, it ranked second after the Dominican Republic, among the 32 small island nations that comprise the Caribbean, in terms of the size of the accommodation industry.7 The Jamaican Tourist Board (JTB) statistics show that in 1992 there were a total of 909,010 stopover visitors, 649,517 cruise passengers and 148,173 non-resident Jamaicans who visited the island. Of more recent figures on which to compare these too, in 2002 there were 865,419 cruise passengers and 87,283 non-resident Jamaican visits. So in 10 years a quite substantial increase in cruise passengers but a drop in amount of non-resident Jamaicans. Cruises are directly linked to tourism and are a good indicator of whether or not it is increasing in terms of more money coming in. Also, in 1992 the total average spent by a cruise passenger was US$52.8 So assuming that has not changed Jamaica is apparently bringing in an extra US$11,226,904 then it was 10 years ago. Obviously, that is a very simplistic way of looking at it and there are many other costs involved, however it helps provide an indication. A further indication of the sort of revenue generated through tourism is demonstrated in the following table: Direct Government Revenues From Tourism Sector 1992 (in J$ Millions) Source Value GCT 690.5 Airport Tax 211.6 Cruise Passenger Tax 119.4 Commodity Taxes 245.5 Indirect Taxes 90.0 PAYE 432.1 Total Direct Revenues 1789.1 (Source: Jamaican Tourist Board) Total direct revenue of 1,789,100 is a fairly significant figure especially for 1992 when we take into account this market has grown since. This is only considering the direct government revenues and suggests that tourism provides a very healthy profit for the country. Therefore, could potentially be a good tool for national development. In terms of tourism providing employment the figures in 1992 show that a total of 71,710 persons were employed by the Jamaican Tourism Industry, which amounted to about 8% of the total employed labour force. Tourists are always interested in souvenirs; this again provides jobs for locals and money for the community. However, the souvenirs have to be made out of something and can possibly cause a strain on materials within the environment. The findings so far on economic impacts of tourism indicate that it could be a very profitable industry for a country like Jamaica. However, we have already seen the vast amounts of negative impacts tourism can have on the environment. Can it too have negative impacts economically? Unfortunately for Jamaica and other third world countries the answer is yes. Leakages can have a very significant impact on the amount of money the recipient sites actually receive and can often be the reason why the third world countries are not as well off as they should be. The direct income for an area is the amount of tourist expenditure that remains locally after taxes, profits, and wages are paid outside the area and after imports are purchased; these subtracted amounts are called leakages. In most all-inclusive package tours, about 80% of travellers' expenditure goes to the airlines, hotels and other international companies and not to local businesses or workers.9 Leakages can occur in two main ways; import leakage and export leakage. An import leakage occurs when tourists demand a standard of products and services beyond which the host country can supply. Therefore, the country must import the product and so money leaves the host country to pay for such items. An export leakage occurs when large companies from more developed countries control hotels and tourist sites in Jamaica, for example, and bring the profits back to them. These larger companies have the finance, unlike local businesses, and can therefore dictate foreign sites. â€Å"In Fiji, for example, the leakage is more like a haemorrhage-with only 45 per cent of the tourist revenue actually staying in the country.† (Stalker 1998) This quote goes along way to summing up the extent to which these leakages contribute to the downfall of third world countries. Enclave tourism is another reason why countries like Jamaica do not receive the revenue they appear they should. When tourists go on all-inclusive holidays they may often stay in one place, e.g. a hotel or cruise ship, which can provide them with all they need. If so, the local shops and restaurants do not benefit from them as they do not come in contact with them. It could be said the tourists are getting and not giving in terms of they are admiring the beautiful weather and scenery without putting money back in to the local economy. Surveys show that such all-inclusive deals can have a very negative effect on the economy for a number of reasons. As they are often owned by companies in more developed countries, less money goes into local businesses. It has been found such deals generate the largest amount of revenue but their impact on the economy is smaller per dollar of revenue than other accommodation subsectors'. It is also concluded that all-inclusives imported more, and employed fewer people per dollar of revenue than other hotels. 10So again, further indication of a lose-lose situation for Jamaica, as there materials are being used with minimal in the way of revenue coming back in. It was mentioned earlier that tourism can help to provide job opportunities for locals. However, Gray (1974) sees tourism's use of a large proportion of unskilled labour as only a temporary phase in the development of the industry-as tourism grows, it may become more reliant on higher skilled labour, which will inherently mean training those available, or more commonly importing them from elsewhere. If the latter is the case then unemployment within the country will increase, so more people will be claiming benefits, which has a detrimental effect on the economy. In addition, the seasonal nature of tourist employment demands adequate earning and budgeting to ensure survival through low season. Myrdal's Model of Circular and Cumulative Causation (1957)11 explains economic development within a country as a natural process. He states that as an industry develops it experiences multiplier effects of improved linkages, communications, infrastructure and services, causing the developing zone to prosper. He also mentions the â€Å"backwash† disadvantage of the negative impact on the environment. In terms of Jamaica, it may be that as a result of tourism links such as infrastructure have advanced but maybe not necessarily improved. The increase in hotels and restaurants could appear as development but as we have seen the effect on the ecology is massive. The third way to analyse the impact of tourism is in terms of social impacts. â€Å"The social and cultural impacts are they way in which tourism alters behaviour, value systems, family, relationships, lifestyles and community organizations† (Mathieson & Wall, 1982).12 Tourism can be potentially beneficial to the tourist socially as it broadens their interests, triggering an improved understanding of the unknown and the cultures and lifestyles of others. â€Å"When a country opens doors to international tourism, its traditions (however marketable) are going to be changed, if not threatened.† (Harrison, 1992) This quote shows how when a country chooses tourism as a tool for national development they are confining the lives of their residents to be strongly influenced. This can be in a number of ways and traits from the Third World can be brought across. These may include crime, prostitution and gambling. A potential advantage often mentioned is the introduction of technology and more advanced thinking from the Third World. A thought one may question, as it is debatable whether the new technology is beneficial or does it just make the tourist site more similar to our own surroundings but set in a different place. As you can see most of the findings from research into the social impacts of tourism again suggest a detrimental effect. Although, there was limited data related to just Jamaica. It is clear tourism is a massive factor in the lifestyle of residents, as it can change their work patterns and deteriorate their living surroundings. This essay has focused just on the impacts of tourism on Jamaica, but this clearly goes on throughout the world, with different destinations being affected in different ways. These can be seen by looking at a few brief examples of how other tourist sites are impacted. In winter 2000, 76,271 people entered Yellowstone National Park on snowmobiles, outnumbering the 40,727 visitors who came in cars, 10,779 in snowcoaches and 512 on skis. A survey of snowmobile impacts on natural sounds at Yellowstone found that snowmobile noise could be heard 70% of the time at 11 of 13 sample sites, and 90% of the time at 8 sites. At the Old Faithful geyser, snowmobiles could be heard 100% of the time during the daytime period studied. Snowmobile noise drowned out even the sound of the geyser erupting. (Source: Idahonews) The Wider Caribbean Region, stretching from Florida to French Guiana, receives 63,000 port calls from ships each year, and they generate 82,000 tons of garbage. About 77% of all ship waste comes from cruise vessels. The average cruise ship carries 600 crew members and 1,400 passengers. On average, passengers on a cruise ship each account for 3.5 kilograms of garbage daily – compared with the 0.8 kilograms each generated by the less well-endowed folk on shore. (Source: Our Planet, UNEP magazine for environmentally sustainable development, volume 10, no. 3, 1999) Both the above findings demonstrate further the dramatic impact of tourism. So all this leaves is to address the question of whether tourism is an appropriate tool for national development? A key to answering this question is the definition of national development, as investigated earlier. If you consider the earliest definitions, which basically suggest that Third World Countries strive towards being similar to the Western World, then I believe that tourism is an appropriate tool for development. It is a guaranteed way of becoming more like the Western World in terms of technology and infrastructure. However, I also believe that this is not the best definition and that the latter ones are more valid. The World Development Report suggested the overall goal was to increase the economic, political and civil rights of all people across gender, ethnic groups, religions, races, regions and countries. So if this is taken as the basis when answering the question, then my answer would be different. Tourism clearly does not go along way to increasing the political and civil rights of the Jamaica residents for example. Tourism brings in â€Å"intruders† from other countries who intrude on their lives and remove a significant amount of identification the citizens may have. The government have to make the choice of whether they are willing to sacrifice the well being of their residents and state of their environment in order to maximise the profits from the industry. Unfortunately, this is often the case as the country need their economy to be strong, and there is no doubt that tourism has massive potential of bringing in revenue. The only other consideration the government should have would be to use the money to improve industries within their own country and work on trade as an alternative. The potential revenue may not be as high but I believe it is safe to say that the disadvantages would be hugely less. In conclusion, of the theorists mentioned earlier I would agree with Andre Gunder Frank, as I believe if countries like Jamaica want to succeed they should disconnect from the global economy and pursue their own national strategies of import-substitution.